Sports injuries- part 3

Classification of sports injuries-

(b) Bone injuries- There are following types of bone injuries.

1. Simple fracture

2. Compound fracture

3. Complicated fracture

4. Greenstick fracture

5. Comminuted fracture

6. Impacted fracture

1. Simple fracture- The fracture without any wound, where the bone is broken at one place is called simple fracture.

2. Compound fracture- Compound fracture is that fracture in which the skin and muscles are damaged along with the fracture. Generally, the broken bone comes out through the skin by tearing it. 

3. Complicated fracture- In complicated fracture, a bone is broken and damages the internal organs. The internal organs may be tissue, nerve or artery. Usually, such types of fractures are complicated and dangerous. Such fracture are common in high jump and pole vault.

4. Greenstick fracture- These fractures are commonly seen in children because their bones are very soft and delicate. Whenever there is any stress on the bone, it is bent. 

5. Comminuted fracture- When a bone is broken into three or more pieces, it is called comminuted fracture. Such types of fractures are possible in cycle race or motorcycle races. 

6. Impacted Fracture- When the end of a fractured bone enters into another bone, it is called impacted fracture.

* Causes of a fracture- 

1. In sports events where there is a high impact.

2. Traumatic, forceful and unnatural movements.

3. Prolonged long distance walking or running.

4. Sudden fall on hard surface.

5. Direct strike or hit with any solid sports equipment.

6. Osteroporosis.

*Prevention-

1. Players should perform adequate warm-up before participating in sports and games.

2. Proper conditioning must be done in the preparatory phase.

3. Players should not continue to play during the stage of fatigue.

4. Sports equipment should be of good quality.

5. Training and competition areas should be clear of hazards.

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